Microcomputer-Based Programs for Pharmacokinetic Simulations

A computer software package has been developed to simulate drug concentration-time profiles based on differential equations that describe 1, 2 and 3 compartment body models (CBM) with linear or nonlinear elimination. Since drug concentration-time data evaluation is an integral part of pharmacokinetics, simulation of the corresponding drug concentration-time profile is a valuable tool to understand the interplay of various pharmacokinetic parameters. Beginning pharmacokinetics students as well as researchers benefit from such simulation programs. The user controls graphing specifications including axes labels, axes scales and values. Simulations are performed based on the user assigned pharmacokinetic parameters such as central volume of distribution, elimination rate constant, absorption rate constant, dosing regimens, and if applicable, compartmental transfer rate constants. High resolution graphic capabilities allow generation of concentration or amount of drug versus time profile from any compartment on either a cartesian or semilogarithmic plot. Parameters and dosing regimens can be changed after each dose, enabling users to evaluate the relationship between pharmacokinetic variables and their impact on drug concentrations in the body. Model equations can also be modified to meet individual needs. The programs are flexible and user-friendly. Simulations ranging from a simple 1CBM to the complex 3CBM employing various drug input and elimination functions can be performed using this software. The completeness and versatility of this software package provides a useful educational tool in undergraduate pharmacokinetics courses as welt as graduate and research settings.